Understanding and Using Bloom’s Taxonomy

The last time I really heard someone say the words “Bloom’s Taxonomy” was in college.  Now, however, you always hear people talking about “higher-level thinking” or “high-level thinking skills.”  Both of these popular ideas are based on Bloom’s Taxonomy.  So what is Bloom’s Taxonomy and why should you even care about it?  Bloom’s Taxonomy (or BT as I’ll call it) is a way to determine different levels of human cognition.  In simpler terms, BT categorizes how much you are making your students think about the material.  BT divides thinking into different levels.  Lower-level BT questions or assignments deal with things such as memorization and observation.  Higher-level BT assignments force students to think more deeply about a topic, which hopefully will lead to better understanding and retention.  BT was revised in 2001 and changed up a little, but the idea behind and usefulness of BT is still important.

What does this have to do with your classroom?  Use BT as a guide to make sure that you are really making your students think deeply about topics.  Don’t just expect students to memorize things.  Use questions that help them create a new and deeper understanding of the content.

Look at the various visual guides to Bloom’s Taxonomy given here.  Notice the words listed under each category.  These words are the cues to help you evaluate what you are asking of your students.  Are you asking them to recognize, list, or describe (which are low-level skills) or are you asking them to compare, construct, and interpret (high-level skills)?  There is nothing wrong with using low-level thinking skills.  In fact, that is probably where you need to start when introducing a topic.  Just don’t stay there.  Make sure that after you tell students about a person or event, have them look past the facts and analyze, evaluate, or create something.

Print one of these visual guides and keep it with your lesson plans.  Use it when you create test questions and assignments, and help your students become better thinkers.

 

Image Credit: Bloom’s Taxonomy By K. Aainsqatsi – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,

Great Example of Connecting Students to Content

This!  Yes!  Yes!  A thousand times YES!  This teacher is doing it right!  If you don’t establish relevance or allow your students to form a connection to the material, they either won’t remember it or won’t care about it!  Think about it.  Have you made things so interesting or gotten such an emotional reaction out of your students that one of them actually posted about it later?  Let that be your goal today…and every day!

wifitax

LTH 012 – What to Put on Your Board

In this episode, I discuss what you should put on your board so that students, administrators, and others know what is going on in your classroom.  Stay tuned for interesting facts at the end!

What is an essential question?

Teddy Roosevelt as a young man – Fierce!

Recording of Teddy Roosevelt – Library of Congress

 

Intro music clip of “I Dunno” by Grapes CC BY-ND 3.0

60-Second Presidents Videos

I’ve mentioned this resource before in a couple of my podcasts, but I decided it would be a good idea to post the link for all of the videos.  PBS created a video series called 60-Second Presidents in which they cover the basic info and accomplishments of each US president.  The videos are short but interesting and would be a great way to review a president the day after you discussed his administration.  The site also has activities that go along with some of the videos, but these activities seem to be best suited (in my opinion) to a civics or government class.  Click here to check out these short but sweet videos.

LTH – 007 Using a Prop Box

In this episode, we’ll look at how to use a box full of fun props in your classroom.  I’ll also tell you which props are helpful to have and where to get props for little or no money.

Show Notes and Resources:

Prop Box Basics

 

Intro music clip of “I Dunno” by Grapes CC BY-ND 3.0

101 Quotes to Use in Your History Classroom

Well, I was planning on recording and posting my next podcast last night, but our refrigerator died.  So, we were in a mad dash to move food before it spoiled and now it seems we may be spending our free time in the next day or two trying to find a good deal on a new one.  I hope to have my next podcast up by this weekend.  I’ll be talking about the Mexican-American War!  Exciting!

In the meantime, here are 101 quotes that would be great to use in your classroom.  I used to put one on a PowerPoint slide and start every class with a quote.  I usually asked the students what they thought the quote meant.  After a brief discussion, we would talk about how they could apply the quote to their lives.  The quotes I used didn’t have to be history-related, but I did include many quotes by historical figures.  I used these quotes to help teach character education and self-examination to my students.  I think that, as teachers, we must speak to more than just our students’ knowledge, but to their moral compass and their character as well.   Click here to get my 101 quotes (this is now located at my new blog).

The Best Review Game Ever!

It’s the day before a test. There are 20 minutes of class left. Your students look up at you with pleading eyes that say, “Please don’t make us do another review worksheet!”  You pull out the flyswatters from your cabinet in the back of the room. All of the sudden, you hear several students say, “Yessssssss!”

I call it “The Flyswatter Game.”  It was, by far, the most popular in-class review method amongst my students.  Most of you have probably heard or seen this type of review before, but even if you have, take a look at how I implemented the game.  Adding some basic rules and strategies can mean the difference between classroom chaos and a fun, engaging review.

The basic premise of the game is that the teacher asks questions and the students try to be the first to slap the correct answer on the board.  Sounds simple, right?  Here’s what I found was the most effective way to play the game.

Flyswatter Game Procedures
  • Write the names of 20-30 review terms on your board.  The terms should not be written in rows or columns, but written randomly and tilted diagonally.
    • If you have many terms or phrases, you may want to do something to make each phrase stand out visually.  This will help students read the terms and phrases more quickly during the game.  I used different colored markers to draw a circle around each worSlide1d.  See my example.
    • Write enough terms on the board so that each student has a least one chance to participate in a round.
  • Divide the class into 2 teams and have them move to different sides of the classroom.
  • Explain the rules.  (See below)
  • Ask for one volunteer from each team to start the game.
    • I have found that most students are enthusiastic about playing and students love to go up against their friends.  I let students choose their match-ups, with the understanding that a student cannot go twice unless all students have already had a turn.
    • It is understood that all students must participate or lose points on their participation grade for that day.  This is typically not a problem, as students tend to cheer on their teammates.
  • Ask a question whose answer is a term or phrase written on the board.
  • The first student to slap the correct answer with his/her flyswatter wins a point for his/her team.
  • When students are finished with their round, they must pass the flyswatter on to someone in their team that hasn’t gone.
  • Play continues this way for as long as necessary.  I typically did enough rounds so that each student got at least two chances to play.
  • The winning team receives candy or bonus points on a quiz or test.
Rules
  • Students must face away from the board and cannot turn around until I finish reading/saying the question.
  • Students get one slap at a time. If the student slaps the wrong answer, he must wait until the opponent slaps a term before he can slap again. If the opponent is right, the round ends.  If the opponent is also wrong, then either can slap again, until someone is wrong.  (The key here is to penalize a student for slapping a wrong answer. When I first started playing this game, students would get it wrong and just keep randomly slapping terms to try to guess the right answer before the opponent could hit anything.)  Continue the round until one of the students slaps the correct answer. If it is obvious after several slaps that neither student knows the answer and it is slowing down the momentum of the game, just have the class yell out the correct answer after so many chances.
  • Any student who uses physical force to block an opponent loses the round.
  • Any student who hits his opponent with the fly swatter automatically loses the round. (This rule and the previous one are particularly necessary when dealing with high school boys.)
  • Students who inappropriately criticize other students in the class lose a point for their team.  (This prevents a lot of those outbursts of, “Gosh, you’re so stupid!  I can’t believe you didn’t know that!”)
  • Students who try to give clues to their teammates and/or cheat will cause their team to lose the round.
Other Tips
  • I typically didn’t have questions written down.  I just looked at the terms on the board and made up a question on the spot.
    • If you do this, be aware that some evil-genius students eventually try to watch your eyes and see where on the board you are looking in order to figure out where to slap.  To avoid giving away the answer, simply look at various parts of the board each time and don’t look at the answer word right before you say the question.
  • Some terms can be the source of multiple questions, which can enable you to do more rounds in a game, even though your list of terms may be limited.  For example, the term “John Adams” may be on the board.  Throughout the game, you can ask several different questions for which he is the answer.
  • Students tend to get close to the board, thinking this will help them slap the answer first, but it actually limits their field of vision.  Encourage students to take a few steps back from the board so that they can see all of the terms at once.
  • Use two different colors of fly swatters so that it will be easier to see who slaps first.
  • Students who are often hesitant or don’t know much material typically tend to go towards the end of each cycle.  If necessary, modify the questions to meet the needs of the students in that round (ask easier questions for students who need them).
  • Be aware of student height and arm length when you pick a term. If you have a short student going up against a tall student, pick a term that they can both reach easily.
  • If, for some reason, you miss a slap, students will often be able to tell you who slapped first.  If the class cannot come to a consensus as to who slapped first, redo the round with the same two students, but ask a different question.
  • The first time you play this, it may take a lot of work trying to enforce the rules.  However, once the rules are established and students become used to abiding by them, subsequent games become much easier to manage.

Have fun!  Yes, it will get a little loud.  You may hear students yelling, “Oh!  Oh!  I know this!”  Or, “Ahhh, it’s right there!”  It is so fun and satisfying to see students who can hardly stay in their seats because they are so excited that they know the answer but can’t give it away!  Do you have any other tips or strategies for playing the Flyswatter Game?  Leave them in the comments below.

Click here to download a PDF with the game instructions, rules, and tips.

Great History Memes

I came across this meme last night and thought it would be a great thing to use at some point when you are studying the American Revolution.  Students need to know that, yes, they will hear about this stuff again…even if it is the form of an Internet meme.  This person used their historical knowledge to come up with an awesome comeback that, I’m sure, gave countless other people a good chuckle.

tea tumbler

Classroom Uses:

  • Put it on the board at the beginning of class to grab students’ attention (the day after you study the Boston Tea Party)
  • Add it to a test as a bonus question and have students explain the meaning for extra credit
  • Use it to remind students that historical references pop up in the most unlikely places
  • Challenge students to come up with their own history meme

Here are some of my other favorites that I came across after the above meme inspired me to do a search.

thomasjefffranz

homingpiggenerallee